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HISTORY OF PAKISTAN Consolidation of a State and Search for a Constitution 1947-58 The state of Pakistan had to face many problems in the early days of independence; in the beginning this chapter we shall review these problems briefly. Deceit in the Demarcation of Boundaries: For the purpose of demarcating the boundaries between t two … Read more

Environment Hazards and Remedies Environment means: “The natural conditions, such as air, water and land, in which people, animals and plants live.” Environment hazards are of two kinds; of natural origin and of human origin. In the first instance we shall discuss the natural origin hazards 🙂 Define:- Water-logging and Salinity: When the sub-soil water … Read more

Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Natural Vegetation Vegetation has vast meaning. Everything which grows from the soil is included in it e.g. trees, small plants, bushes and climbers etc. The plants which grow from the soil are of two kinds. One kind of plants is grown by human beings, other kinds grow naturally; later category is … Read more

Chapter #3 Pakistan: Land And Environment   Location of Pakistan Pakistan is one of the large countries in the South Asian region. It has an area of 796096 km2 and a population of 207,774,520 according to the 2017 census. Pakistan is a federation comprising four provinces. Islamabad, the federal capital of Pakistan, is one of the … Read more

Chapter1# Ideological Basis of Pakistan Meaning of Ideology Ideology represents the collective awareness of a group of people in a particular phase of history. Ideology holds people together and shows them a direction to move forward. Since the Muslims constitute overwhelming majority of the people of Pakistan, Islam forms the basis of the collective consciousness of the … Read more